{"id":11720,"date":"2016-01-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-01-19T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hearandplay.com\/main\/?p=11720"},"modified":"2024-10-14T17:40:33","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T01:40:33","slug":"using-color-patterns-master-perfect-fourth-intervals-keys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hearplaymain.wpenginepowered.com\/using-color-patterns-master-perfect-fourth-intervals-keys\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Color Patterns to Master Perfect Fourth Intervals in All Keys"},"content":{"rendered":"

The importance of perfect fourth intervals in music cannot be denied — especially in chord voicings and progressions.<\/p>\n

We even dedicated a whole lesson recently to fourth voicings<\/a> – chords built with perfect fourth intervals<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Owing to the fact that thirds are usually used in chord formation (tertian harmony<\/a>) and there are still people who find fourths challenging, I’ve decided to share my ideas on how to master perfect fourth intervals in a flash.<\/em><\/p>\n

Perfect Fourth Intervals – Defined<\/h2>\n

The perfect fourth is the distance between the first and fourth tones of the major or minor scale.<\/p>\n

The C major scale:
\n
\n…has C and F as its first and fourth tones.<\/p>\n

The C minor scale:
\n
\n…also has C and F as its first and fourth tones.<\/p>\n

Here’s what a perfect fourth looks like in the keys of C major and minor:
\n
\nPerfect fourth<\/em> is the term used to describe the distance (aka – “interval”) between the first and fourth tones of the major and minor scale.<\/p>\n

Further reading: Six Characteristic Features of Intervals<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Circle of Fourths<\/h2>\n

If you’ve followed this blog for sometime now, then you’ve surely come across this circle:
\n\"circleoffiths1\"
\nAll the notes (aka – “pitch classes”) in music are represented on this circle. Going in a clockwise direction on this circle will produce a circle of fourths<\/strong> in the “descending” direction on the keyboard.<\/p>\n

Note:<\/strong> Descending on the keyboard has to do with moving leftwards<\/em>.<\/p>\n

C to G:<\/p>\n

\n
\n…is a descending fourth.
\nG to D:
\n
\nD to A:
\n
\nA to E:
\n
\n…are all moving in fourths in a descending manner (to the left).<\/p>\n

Going in the counter-clockwise direction shows notes that are “ascending” in perfect fourths.<\/p>\n

C to F:
\n
\nF to Bb:
\n
\nBb to Eb:
\n
\nEb to Ab:
\n
\nAb to Db:
\n
\nDb to Gb:
\n
\nGb to Cb:
\n
\n…and so on.<\/p>\n

Introduction to Color Patterns<\/h2>\n

One of the ways of mastering perfect fourths in all keys is by color patterns.<\/p>\n

Color pattern refers to the color of the finger key of an idea on the keyboard. The perfect fourth interval in the key of C:
\n
\n…is built off C and F. The color pattern of this interval is “white-white” because:<\/p>\n

\n

C is a white<\/strong> finger key.<\/p>\n

F is a white<\/strong> finger key.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

The perfect fourth interval in the key of F:
\n
\n…is built off F and Bb.<\/p>\n

The color pattern of this interval is “white-black” because:<\/p>\n

\n

F is a white<\/strong> finger key<\/p>\n

Bb is a black<\/strong> finger key<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

The beautiful thing about color patterns is that you focus on color and size as opposed to the regular way of memorizing spellings (C and F, F and Bb, etc.).<\/p>\n

You’ll appreciate this more as we progress. Meanwhile, let’s look closely at the four color patterns of perfect fourth intervals found on the piano.<\/p>\n

Color Pattern #1 – “White-White”<\/h2>\n

The perfect fourth intervals covered in this segment are all white in color, and there are six of them:<\/p>\n

A and D:
\n
\nB and E:
\n
\nC and F:
\n
\nD and G:
\n
\nE and A:
\n
\nG and C:
\n<\/p>\n

All intervals built on white notes on the piano have this color pattern, except for F. So, this is pretty much the color pattern of white notes.<\/p>\n

Color Pattern #2 – “White-Black”<\/h2>\n

There’s just one white note perfect fourth interval that has an upper black note, and that’s the perfect fourth interval on F.<\/p>\n

F and Bb:
\n
\nEvery other white note perfect fourth interval belongs to color pattern #1.<\/p>\n

Color Pattern #3 – “Black-Black”<\/h2>\n

The perfect fourth intervals covered in this segment are all black in color, and there are four of them:<\/p>\n

Ab and Db:
\n
\n…which can also be spelled as G# and C#.<\/p>\n

Bb and Eb:
\n
\n…which can also be spelled as A# and D#.<\/p>\n

Db and Gb:
\n
\n…which can also be spelled as C# and F#<\/p>\n

Eb and Ab:
\n
\n…which can also be spelled as D# and G#<\/p>\n

All intervals built on black notes on the piano have this color pattern except for Gb. So, this is pretty much the color pattern of black notes.<\/p>\n

Color Pattern #4 – “Black-White”<\/h2>\n

There’s just one black note perfect fourth interval that has an upper white note, and that’s the perfect fourth interval on Gb:<\/p>\n

Gb and Cb:
\n
\n…which is also spelled  as F# and B.<\/p>\n

Other black note perfect fourth intervals belong to color pattern #3.<\/p>\n

Mastering Perfect Fourth Intervals On The Piano<\/h2>\n

Now that you know about color patterns, let me take you to the final level of mastery by narrowing these fourths down.<\/p>\n

There are three things you must know before we end today’s lesson:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Perfect fourth intervals formed on white notes<\/strong> belong to color pattern #1.<\/li>\n
  2. Perfect fourth intervals formed on black notes<\/strong> belong to color pattern #3.<\/li>\n
  3. Perfect fourth intervals formed on F and Gb notes are an exception to the first two statements and belong to color patterns #2 and #4, respectively.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    This means that there are basically two common color patterns: #1 (“white-white”) and #3 (“black-black”).<\/p>\n

    Rule of Thumb<\/h3>\n

    Permit me to phrase these three statements into what I call the law of perfect fourth mastery using color patterns<\/strong><\/em>:<\/p>\n

    To form a perfect fourth interval on a white note, keep color pattern #1 (“white-white”) in mind. When forming a perfect fourth interval on a black note, keep color pattern #3 (“black-black”) in mind. F and Gb (F#) are an exception to this rule.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    “Can I tell You Why F and Gb\/F# Are An Exception To My Rule of Thumb?”<\/em><\/h2>\n

    Let me end today’s lesson by explaining why F and Gb are exceptions.<\/p>\n

    Please take note:<\/strong> White notes on the piano are called naturals while black notes are called accidentals.<\/p>\n

    Why F is an exception…<\/h3>\n

    Using the major scale of C as a reference:<\/p>\n

    Four scale steps from any natural (white note) is usually a perfect fourth. For example,<\/p>\n

    Four scale steps from A (in the key of C major) is D:
    \n
    \n…a perfect fourth.<\/p>\n

    *Did you notice that A and D belong to color pattern #1 (white-white)? The same thing is applicable to the rest.<\/p>\n

    Four scale steps from B (in the key of C major) is E:
    \n
    \n…a perfect fourth.<\/p>\n

    Four scale steps from C (in the key of C major) is F:
    \n
    \n…a perfect fourth.<\/p>\n

    This is true for every other natural, save F.<\/p>\n

    Four scale steps from F (in the key of C major) is B:
    \n
    \n…an augmented<\/em> fourth.<\/p>\n

    The term augmented suggests that this fourth is larger than the perfect fourth.<\/p>\n

    In the circle of fourths, a fourth from F:
    \n
    \n…is Bb:
    \n
    \nThis is because Bb is the fourth tone of the F major scale:
    \n<\/p>\n

    Considering that the interval between F and B (an augmented fourth):
    \n
    \n…is larger than the perfect fourth, shrinking it to F and Bb:
    \n
    \n…will produce a perfect fourth interval. However, this will change the color pattern of the perfect interval formed to white-black.<\/p>\n

    In a nutshell, a perfect fourth interval has a different color pattern because of the augmented fourth interval (aka – “the devil in music<\/a>“) between F and B.<\/p>\n

    Why Gb is an exception<\/h3>\n

    A perfect fourth from Gb is Cb.
    \n
    \nMost times, we expect a black note each time the terms “sharp” and “flat” are used. But in reality, this is not always the case.<\/p>\n

    The flat symbol lowers any letter name by a semitone. Effecting this on C:
    \n
    \n…by lowering it a semitone will produce Cb:
    \n
    \nCb is not one of those black notes. It’s on the same finger key and produces the same note (pitch) as B.<\/p>\n

    A perfect fourth interval formed from Gb has a different color pattern because Cb is a white note.<\/p>\n

    Final Words<\/h2>\n

    While forming perfect fourth intervals on the keyboard, here are the two exceptions in terms of color patterns:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    The rest are easy to form.<\/p>\n

    Below are all perfect fourth intervals in half steps (chromatically):<\/p>\n

    Movement from “white-white” to “black-black” will take us from C to Db:
    \n
    \n<\/p>\n

    In the same vein, from “black-black” to “white-white” will take us from Db to D:
    \n
    \n
    \nMoving from “white-white” to “black-black”:
    \n
    \n
    \n…”black-black” to “white-white”:
    \n
    \n
    \n…and here’s the almighty F:
    \n
    \n…don’t forget the color pattern.<\/p>\n

    Gb is a half step above F and is a reverse of the F color pattern:
    \n
    \nG:
    \n
    \n…to Ab:
    \n
    \n…is “white-white” to “black-black”. It goes on and on:
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n…until C is reached:
    \n
    \nThis may take a little practice though, but in less than ten minutes, I guarantee you’ll master perfect fourth intervals completely.<\/p>\n

    Hope this helps.<\/p>\n

    Until next time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The importance of perfect fourth intervals in music cannot be denied — especially in chord voicings and progressions. This lesson delves into them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":22969,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[1962,1961,266],"class_list":["post-11720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chords-progressions","category-piano","tag-perfect-4ths","tag-perfect-fourth-intervals","tag-perfect-fourths","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"yoast_head":"\nUsing Color Patterns to Master Perfect Fourth Intervals in All Keys - Hear and Play Music Learning Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The importance of perfect fourth intervals in music cannot be denied --- especially in chord voicings and progressions. 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